{"id":35,"date":"2014-03-27T18:18:24","date_gmt":"2014-03-27T18:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.amitayus.net\/vn\/?p=35"},"modified":"2014-03-27T18:18:24","modified_gmt":"2014-03-27T18:18:24","slug":"duc-dat-lai-lat-ma-thu-xiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/2014\/03\/27\/duc-dat-lai-lat-ma-thu-xiv\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3n Xanh Ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch<\/em> theo ph\u1ea7n: \u201cA History of Dalai Lamas within the Context of Their Times\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ardy Verhaegen<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIV ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935 – sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng hai n\u0103m. N\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng.Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf Lhasa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eed m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n sang ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi chia bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tang l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII r\u1ed3i l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma – Lungshar –\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0; nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta b\u1ecb m\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00f9 chung th\u00e2n. Vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh Reting Rinpoche – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u00edn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII – v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat b\u1edfi Lungshar. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta \u0111ang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i, m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i quay v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i sao th\u1eadt to \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u1edd x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb qua h\u1ed3 Thi\u00eang N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n Lhamo Latso. Sau khi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean tri Nechung v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Amdo \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1edf ch\u00f9a Kumbum v\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu b\u00e9 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Taktser v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u00e0i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Lhasa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean do ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama g\u1ee3i \u00fd. C\u1eadu ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 qua s\u1ef1 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Lhamo Dondup v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho cha m\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u1eefng s\u1ed1t! H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Tulku c\u1ea5p cao trong d\u00f2ng Thubten Jigme Norbu – Taktser Rinpoche – hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Kumbum. Lhamo Dondup \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u1edf Kumbum 2 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 T\u0103ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n dai d\u1eb3ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a Lhamo Dondup \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng ti\u1ec1n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cho ph\u00e9p c\u1eadu b\u00e9 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi – bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cha m\u1eb9 c\u1eadu b\u00e9 – cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Lhasa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1939. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1939, vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 xu\u1ed1ng t\u00f3c xu\u1ea5t gia cho \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p danh Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Tenzin Gyatso. Th\u00e1ng 02 – 1940, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng quang v\u00e0o Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o T\u0103ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u00e1i vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y Gia S\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tenzin Gyatso s\u1ed1ng \u1edf cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Potala c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trai l\u00e0 Lobsang Samten. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc L\u00e3o T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. Kenrap Tenzin – m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u00d4ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ketswang Rinpoche – v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y Gia S\u01b0 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 Ng\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng quang. V\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma t\u00ed hon n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng minh xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe k\u1ec3 qua d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1946, sau m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ed9n, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 Tenzin Gyatso can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y x\u00f4ng x\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho anh trai m\u00ecnh – Lobsang Samten – b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a Lobsang Samten v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1940, vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh Reting xin t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. Taktra Rinpoche – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed1ng tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m Quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh ki\u00eam Ch\u00e1nh Gia S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. Ling Ripoche – m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng – c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00f9a Gyudto tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y Gia S\u01b0 Ph\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Trijang Rinpoche – m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c – l\u00e0m v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma t\u1eeb khi Ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba tr\u00f2n t\u00e1m tu\u1ed5i. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n; tuy nhi\u00ean, sau m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, Tenzin Gyatso \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eb3n nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, Tenzin Gyatso – c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh – \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n b\u00e9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 13 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m T\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9a Sera v\u00e0 Drepung, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t T\u0103ng s\u0129 th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u00ed hon \u1ea5y. V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 25 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1eb7t tin t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 do H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Anh qu\u1ed1c \u1edf \u1ea4n g\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa cho Ng\u00e0i; v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf, gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd m\u00e0 Sir Charles Bell \u0111\u00e3 g\u1edfi cho \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng mong \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf Lhasa v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda do s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay t\u1ef1 m\u00f2 m\u1eabm s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0i th\u00edch chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfu phim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng cho \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eddi Heinrich Harrer \u0111\u1ebfn Norbulingka \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac v\u1eeba tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1i t\u00f9 binh c\u1ee7a Anh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Anh cho Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung l\u1eadp trong su\u1ed1t Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Anh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd loan b\u00e1o \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ebd m\u1edf m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t qua mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng nam T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi binh l\u00ednh \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n khi Anh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng cho nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ngang qua n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf b\u1eb1ng s\u00fac v\u1eadt, nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u00e1c T\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u1eabn ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfng Anh, gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh.<\/p>\n

T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ecf ra cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1946. Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n khoe khoang r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 xoay s\u1edf m\u1eddi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tham d\u1ef1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. N\u0103m 1947, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 H\u1eefu ngh\u1ecb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1950, m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t kinh ho\u00e0ng k\u00e8m theo nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00e1o lo\u1ea1n kh\u1eafp T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi – k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma – qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y – \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1950, Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng sang t\u00e2y v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 Anh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1i Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 9 n\u0103m. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong l\u1eddi di ch\u00fac cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, sau khi tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean tri Nechung, \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trao quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia cho \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi 16 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c, anh trai c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Thubten Jigme Norbu (Takster Rinpoche) – vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n Kumbum – t\u1eeb Amdo \u0111\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u00e3 man c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c T\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n; t\u00e0n s\u00e1t T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i Kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Kumbum. \u0110\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u l\u00e0 s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c em trai m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 Takster Rinpoche \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma.<\/p>\n

Tenzin Gyaltso l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t do d\u1ef1 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft do trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 vi\u00ean quan nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng tu\u00e2n theo. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17-11-1950, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn thung l\u0169ng Chumbi g\u1ea7n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay Trung Qu\u1ed1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra ngay sau \u0111\u00f3; \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eadn l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; h\u1ecd kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n c\u1ea7u xin Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eebng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf h\u1ecd. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0n x\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd quay v\u1ec1; th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i Yatung thu\u1ed9c thung l\u0169ng Chumbi th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng Chamdo thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 17 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o con d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ea9y chay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma; t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o; kh\u00f4ng xen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i; kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1951, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Lhasa, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 Lhasa tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn l\u00ednh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i; ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb d\u1ed1c c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Hai th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec7m duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn do s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng n\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1\u2026 v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ngay. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng h\u01a1n v\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1ecf ra ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c xen v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Trong su\u1ed1t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Tashi Lhunpo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Panchen Lama nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u01a1n. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i vai tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ling Rinpoche \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec5 Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng Kalachakra cho Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi C\u1ee5 t\u00fac cho Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. Tenzin Gyatso lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i trong s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1954, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Panchen Rinpoche \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p \u00f4ng Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Nga: \u00f4ng Khrushchev v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nehru c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn s\u1ef1 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Lhasa m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m c\u00e1c ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1 v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng do \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Panchen Lama l\u00e0m ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. Th\u1eadt ra u\u1ef7 ban n\u00e0y c\u0169nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma.<\/p>\n

Khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0m xong nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa, h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p r\u1ea5t d\u00e3 man \u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Thu\u1ebf t\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m c\u1ea3n. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u00f4n x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng Kham v\u00e0 Amdo c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o du k\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p d\u00e3 man h\u01a1n. Tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u1ea5u th\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi xa cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9 ch\u00fang. D\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft T\u0103ng Ni. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7t s\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n sang \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lhasa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf trong v\u00e0 xung quanh Lhasa b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1956, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 2500, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tham d\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nehru c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma sang \u1ea4n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham d\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i chi\u00eam b\u00e1i c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea1i \u1ea4n, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nehru v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea4n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma n\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00f4n h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nehru \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Chu \u00c2n Lai c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Kinh \u0111\u00e3 loan b\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u01b0a s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1957.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a, Trung Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o du k\u00edch kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gompo Tashi Andrugtsang, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 do Gyalo Thondup, anh trai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0i Loan v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng Hoa k\u1ef3 (CIA), tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 80.000 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Kham \u1edf trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o 150.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c k\u00eau g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ed9t b\u1ef1c, v\u00ec lo l\u1eafng cho s\u1ef1 an nguy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma n\u00ean qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ecd. L\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1959 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tenzin Gyatso. L\u1eddi m\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i c\u1edb l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111ang b\u1eadn cho k\u1ef3 thi Geshe Lharampa s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn.[2]<\/a> Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 L\u1ec5 H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i C\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma b\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i tham d\u1ef1 bu\u1ed5i xem s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1i s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u00e0i v\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng mang v\u0169 kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb Trung Qu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1n c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u1eaft c\u00f3c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp cho Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi xa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 30.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2y quanh cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Norbulingka \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eaft \u0111i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eafn hai ph\u00e1t s\u00fang c\u1ed1i v\u00e0o cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17-03-1959 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u1ebbn ra kh\u1ecfi cung \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i trang. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cam go \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 – n\u01a1i m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay tin \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o cung \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Lhasa. Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m du k\u00edch kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n; gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5ng l\u1edbp qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c \u0111i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng giam. Trung Qu\u1ed1c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra h\u1ecd \u0111ang che gi\u1ea5u vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111o\u1ea1t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Mussoorie – m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam New Delhi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf Dharamsala. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00e0n s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hung t\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e2m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u vong c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u201cl\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean minh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u01b0u vong, tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n. Trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u vong, \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n ho\u00e1. T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t t\u00e2m linh. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. Theo th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft qua d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Gedun Truppa – v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma, th\u00f4ng qua d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba t\u00e2m linh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u mang s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng tin r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean – Gedun Truppa – \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Tsongkhapa v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Gelugpa. V\u1ecb t\u00e1i sinh th\u1ee9 II – Gedun Gyatso – \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y lan kh\u1eafp trung t\u00e2m T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 III – Sonam Gyatso – \u0111\u00e3 mang ni\u1ec1m tin sang M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 VI – Yonten Gyatso –\u00a0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i. B\u1eadc V\u0129 nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 V – Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso –\u00a0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 VI – Tsangyang Gyatso – th\u1eed th\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec1m Tin c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i y\u00eau qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 VII – Kelsang Gyatso – tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh cao t\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 VIII – Jampal Gyatso – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Norbuling ka. B\u1ed1n v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp: Lungtok Gyatso, Tsultrim Gyatso, Khedrup Gyatso v\u00e0 Trinley Gyatso \u0111\u1ec1u qua \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eadc V\u0129 Nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 XIII – Thubtan Gyatso – kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIV – Tenzin Gyatso – v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t khi Ng\u00e0i mang nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ghi Ch\u00fa:<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Theo: \u201cMy land and my people\u201d (\u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00f4i), tr. 87-89 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma th\u1ee9 XIV)<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> (\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 trong ng\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o)<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Theo \u201cTibet and Its History\u201d tr. 209-214 c\u1ee7a Richardson v\u00e0 \u201cTibet: A Political History\u201d c\u1ee7a Shakabpa tr.318-310 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec Norbulingka b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh bom v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 12.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Theo : \u201cIn Exile\u201d tr. 71-72 c\u1ee7a Avedon th\u00ec \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec3n Xanh Ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch theo ph\u1ea7n: \u201cA History of Dalai Lamas within the Context of Their Times\u201d c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ardy Verhaegen \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIV ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1935 – sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma th\u1ee9 XIII vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch kho\u1ea3ng hai n\u0103m. N\u1ed7i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng \u0111ang lan tr\u00e0n trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1770,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[17],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-35","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dao-su","tag-dalai-lama","post_format-post-format-image"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/6356529765_da0ae5244a_z.jpg","views":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amitayus.net\/viet\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}